Dental Root Recession: Causes, Effects, and Treatment Options

Dental root recession—often referred to as gum recession—is a common oral health condition where the gum tissue pulls away from the tooth, exposing the root surface. While it may begin subtly, untreated root recession can lead to sensitivity, decay, and even tooth loss. Understanding its causes, effects, and available treatments is essential for maintaining long-term oral health.

What Is Dental Root Recession?

Dental root recession occurs when the protective gum tissue surrounding a tooth wears away or pulls back, exposing the tooth’s root. Unlike the enamel-covered crown of the tooth, the root is softer and more vulnerable to damage, sensitivity, and decay.

Causes of Dental Root Recession

Root recession often develops gradually and may be caused by one or a combination of the following factors:

1. Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)

Bacterial infections of the gums are the leading cause of gum and root recession. Inflammation destroys gum tissue and the supporting bone, allowing gums to recede.

2. Aggressive Tooth Brushing

Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can wear away gum tissue and tooth structure over time.

3. Poor Oral Hygiene

Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque and tartar buildup, which irritates gums and contributes to recession.

4. Teeth Grinding or Clenching (Bruxism)

Excessive forces on the teeth can cause gum tissue to recede and bone to break down.

5. Misaligned Teeth or Bite Problems

Teeth that are out of alignment can place uneven pressure on the gums, leading to localized recession.

6. Genetics

Some individuals are more prone to thin or fragile gum tissue, making them more susceptible to recession despite good oral care.

7. Hormonal Changes

Pregnancy, menopause, and other hormonal shifts can increase gum sensitivity and vulnerability.

8. Tobacco Use

Smoking or vaping reduces blood flow to the gums and impairs healing, increasing the risk of recession.

Effects of Dental Root Recession

If left untreated, dental root recession can lead to several oral health complications:

• Tooth Sensitivity
  Exposed roots react strongly to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods.
• Increased Risk of Root Cavities
  The root surface lacks enamel, making it more susceptible to decay.
• Gum Inflammation and Infection
  Recession creates pockets where bacteria can accumulate.
• Aesthetic Concerns
  Teeth may appear longer, and uneven gum lines can affect a person’s smile.
• Tooth Mobility or Tooth Loss
  Advanced recession can compromise the support of the tooth.

Treatment Options for Dental Root Recession

Treatment depends on the severity of recession and the underlying cause.

1. Improved Oral Hygiene Techniques Switching to a soft-bristled toothbrush
   Using gentle brushing methods
   Daily flossing and antibacterial mouth rinses
2. Professional Dental Cleanings
   Regular cleanings remove plaque and tartar that contribute to gum irritation.
3. Desensitizing Toothpaste
   Special formulations help reduce sensitivity by blocking nerve pathways.
4. Fluoride Treatments
   Applied in-office or prescribed for home use to strengthen exposed root surfaces and prevent decay.
5. Night Guards
   Custom-made appliances help protect teeth and gums from grinding and clenching forces.
6. Orthodontic Treatment
   Correcting misaligned teeth can reduce abnormal pressure on gums and prevent further recession.
7. Gum Grafting Surgery
   In moderate to severe cases, a periodontist may graft healthy tissue over exposed roots to restore protection, improve appearance, and reduce sensitivity.

Preventing Dental Root Recession

Prevention is always better than treatment. You can reduce your risk by:

• Brushing gently twice daily with a soft toothbrush
• Flossing daily
• Avoiding tobacco products
• Wearing a night guard if you grind your teeth
• Scheduling regular dental checkups

Final Thoughts

Dental root recession is a common but serious condition that should not be ignored. Early detection and proper treatment can stop progression, relieve discomfort, and protect your smile. If you notice sensitivity, exposed roots, or changes in your gum line, consult your dentist promptly for an evaluation and personalized care plan.

For more information, contact Dr Michael Handler through our website drmichaelhandler.ca.



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